When water enters into the turbine runner, one part of the available energy of water converts into kinetic energy and remaining part converts into pressure energy. However in later steam turbine control hydraulic governor is provided in parley with the electrohydraulic governing as a back up control which readily assumes the turbine control in the event of ehc failure. Since then, weve been leveraging those basic mechanical governor principles into the worlds best mechanical, hydraulic, and electronic governors for engines and steam turbines. Steam turbines are ideal wherever steam is available. In 1870 our founder, amos woodward, invented a responsive, noncompensating governor for water wheels. Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam.
The shunt load governor use same principle of matching input to turbine with the. In virtually all steam turbine systems there are operating speeds known as critical speeds which are determined during torsional and lateral analysis. But in case of a steam turbine, the dynamic action of suddenly expanded steam is mainly utilised to perform mechanical. It covers the governing system and includes working of the woodward governor type. In its simplest form, a steam turbine consist of a boiler steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump and a variety of auxiliary devices. Operation of the typical hydraulic actuator of a turbine steam valve and purity of the. The design of a turbine rotor depends on the operating principle of the turbine. Steam turbine training governing system training course. Governor is a heart component of the turbine which controls it during steady state and transient conditions. Steam turbine governing and its mechanism ece tutorials. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy this rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate electricity from an attached generator. Steam turbines range from working principle of steam turbine.
In reaction turbine pressure is not remains same throughout the turbine. The governor sense turbine shaft speed through direct connection, wormworm wheel, or magnetic impulse from a gear. Both use a fluid of gous nature at high temperature at high pressure to generate power. Turbine is an enginethat converts energy offluid into mechanicalenergythe steam turbine issteam driven rotaryengine. What is the function of a governor in a steam turbine. The turbine speed is controlled by varying the steam flow through the turbine by positioning the governor valve. There have been numerous causes of steam turbine failures worldwide. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and difference. A typical turbine governing system has two unloaders one activated by low condenservacuum. It is used where system is subjected to variable loading. In this cycle the heat is supplied externally to a.
The 505 controllers integrated operator control panel, overspeed protection, and trip event recorder make it ideal for small steam turbine applications. With power requirements, steam conditions, and speeds constantly rising, elliott has continued to develop its steam turbine product lines to meet ever more challenging operating conditions. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working. The 505 model is designed for simple single valve steam turbine applications where basic turbine control, protection, and monitoring are required. It has following function i the run up of the turbine. Ieee committee report, dynamic models for steam and hydro turbines in. The best way to ensure the longterm performance of your elliott stg is through a collaborative maintenance agreement with elliott field service. This video use a 3d animation to explain how a centrifugal governor flyball governor works. In an extracting type turbine, steam is released from variousin an extracting type turbine, steam is released from various stages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sentstages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sent to boiler feed water heater to. So, basically steam turbine governing system is a process where turbine maintains a steady output speed irrespective of variation of load.
A centrifugal governor is a specific type of governor with a feedback system that controls the speed of an engine by regulating the flow of fuel or working fluid, so as to maintain a nearconstant speed. It is the most widely used prime mover in modern thermal power plants. Steam turbine is a power machine taking overheated steam with certain temperature and pressure as its motive force, and converting the heat energy of steam to mechanical energy of rotor rotation. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft. The governor does this function by controlling the steam flow through the. From there, basic mechanical governor principles were leveraged into steam turbine governors. In general, the rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle of a constant pressure heat engine that converts part of heat into mechanical work. The above picture is just a screen shot, click to see demo. Steam turbine article about steam turbine by the free. A steam turbine governor is a component of the turbine control system that regulates rotational speed in response to changing load conditions. The steam turbine rotors must be designed with the most care as it is mostly the highly stressed component in the turbine.
The governor output signal manipulates the position of a steam inlet valve or nozzles which in turn regulates the steam flow to the turbine. Unlike with reciprocating engines, for instance, compression, heating and expansion are. Describe the principle of operation of a typical emergency over. Chapter6 hydroturbine governing system iit roorkee. Governing system or governor is the main controller of the hydraulic turbine.
A governor is a piece of equipment that regulates the load in an engine or a turbine and maintains its constant speed, given that if the load is increased, the engine speed will change as well. The flow rate of steam is monitored and controlled by interposing valves between the boiler and the turbine. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. Suppose, a steam turbine based power plant supplies power to an specific city. What is governing system of turbine and its working. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. Steam turbine blades look a bit like propeller blades but are made from highperformance alloys because the steam flowing past is hot, at high pressure, and traveling fast. A properly maintained elliott steam turbine generator stg can operate reliably and efficiently for decades. The main function of governor is to maintain constant speed of turbine during fluctuations of load by varying steam input to the turbine. The other is a reaction design, and it operates on the principle that the rotor derives its rotational force from the steam as it leaves the blades.
Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc. Turbine speed governing system plz use speakers youtube. The variation in load during the operation of a steam turbine can have a. The steam turbine training course has been developed to assist in turbine maintenance and turbine operation. Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. Maintenance and overhaul of steam turbines wgp42 05. Modern steam turbines have an electronic governor that uses sensors to monitor the speed by examining the rotor teeth. Steam turbine a steam prime mover with rotary motion of the driving element, or rotor, and continuous operation. Steam turbine governing is the procedure of controlling the flow rate of steam to a steam turbine so as to maintain its speed of rotation as constant. All steam turbines have the same basic parts, though theres a lot of variation in how theyre arranged. Parts and functions of steam turbine power plant tutorials. Consists of springopposed rotating weights, a steam valve, and an interconnecting linkage or servo motor system.
A steam turbine driven generator, sometimes known as turbo generators, can be best explained by understanding a steam turbine and a generator separately. The purpose of the governor is to supply steam into the turbine in such a way that the turbine gives a constant speed as far as possible under varying the load. A steam turbine locomotive engine is a steam locomotive driven by a steam turbine. The governor is a control component with advanced protections for the turbine which ensure safe operation of the turbine. Let us look at turbines first and there are two types of turbines a. The flow rate is controlled using a partially opened steam control valve. At stork we understand the challenges of planned or unplanned overhauls of your businesscritical equipment. In this article we discussed about the function of steam jet ejector in steam turbine operation and also know about its working principle. The steam turbine is the one which steam worked pressured hot and exited then the shaft of the turbine starts to and fro motion due which energy is injected through nozzle in the receiver. The schematic representation of hydraulic governor control is shown in. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbine principle, working and difference. A reaction turbine is different from impulse turbine in many ways. Steam turbine how steam energy works turbinegenerator.
Steam turbine governing system is a method, used to maintain a constant. Now, how does to power plant know how much electricity it needs to prod. The governor is connected to a throttle valve that regulates the. Steam driven generators steam turbines and electric. We list all of the governors main parts as well mentioning a typical application. Types of governing system in steam turbine working principle and types of. The governor does this function by controlling the steam flow through the turbine by adjusting the control value. The steam turbine working principle and theory has been explained in. In 1924 krupp built the steam turbine locomotive t18 001, operational in. Steam turbines use water that is heated to extremely high temperatures and converted into steam to rotate the blades of a turbine, in order to create mechanical or rotational energy. Please support us at so that we can add one more member to the team and will be able to release 2 educational videosmonth. Steam turbine governing is the procedure of monitoring and controlling the flow rate of steam into the turbine with the objective of maintaining its speed of rotation as constant.
The first steam turbine rail locomotive was built in 1908 for the officine meccaniche miani silvestri grodona comi, milan, italy. The flyball governor or centrifugal governor shown in this video is animation of this device from a steam engine. Power is supplied to the governor from the engines output shaft by a belt connected to the flywheel. Api611 compliant units to control steam turbines in isochronous and droop operation. Water is heated at an extremely high temperature to convert it into steam. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction. The impulse turbine, in which the pressure drops across the stationary blades. In a reciprocating steam engine, pressurized steam acts on the piston causing mechanical movement of the piston.
The rankine cycle was named after him and describes the performance of steam turbine systems, though the theoretical principle also applies to reciprocating engines such as steam locomotives. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. Elliott steam turbines are rated for inlet steam conditions up to 2000 psig1005 degrees f and speeds up. Ideally, no dynamic action of the steam is utilised in a reciprocating system. Downtime can be expensive and unplanned downtime can be extremely disruptive.